Titanium muaj ntau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb lub crust, thiab Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv thawj lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm titanium kev pab, nrog pov thawj reserves accounting rau kwv yees li 38.8% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tag nrho. Cov peev txheej no tau faib thoob plaws ntau dua 100 qhov chaw mining hauv ntau dua 20 lub xeev thiab cheeb tsam, feem ntau yog nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob, nruab nrab sab qab teb, thiab sab qaum teb ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Tshwj xeeb, vanadium-titanium magnetite deposits nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam Panxi yog lub ntiaj teb no-nrov npe rau lawv loj reserves, accounting rau 92% ntawm Tuam Tshoj tus titanium cov kev pab, muab lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam titanium. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tam sim no ntawm titanium yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntev, kev siv hluav taws xob siab, thiab muaj kuab paug hnyav, ua rau cov nqi siab thiab txwv tsis pub siv dav. Yog li ntawd, tsim cov txheej txheem tshiab uas tsis muaj nqi titanium yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ua kom Tuam Tshoj txoj kev hloov pauv los ntawm lub teb chaws loj titanium mus rau titanium ntau lawm powerhouse.
Txheej txheem Titanium Metallurgical txheej txheem
Cov txheej txheem titanium smelting ib txwm, hu ua "Kroll txheej txheem," cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis ntawm titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) nrog hlau sodium los yog magnesium kom tau cov hlau titanium. Raws li cov titanium yog tsim nyob rau hauv qab nws melting point, nws muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo li daim txhuam cev, li no lub npe "sponge titanium." Cov txheej txheem Kroll muaj peb theem tseem ceeb: kev npaj ntawm titanium-nplua nuj cov ntaub ntawv, tsim TiCl4, thiab txo qis thiab distillation los tsim daim txhuam cev titanium.
Tshiab Titanium Metallurgical Txheej Txheem
Txhawm rau txo cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm cov hlau titanium, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb nrhiav ntau txoj kev rho tawm tshiab, suav nrog TiCl4 electrolysis, ITP (Armstrong), txheej txheem FFC, OS txheej txheem, Pre-Reduction Process (PRP), QT txheej txheem, MER txheej txheem, thiab USTB txheej txheem .
TiCl4 Electrolysis rau Titanium Production
Titanium oxides thiab titanium chlorides tuaj yeem ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim khoom titanium. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog titanium chloride tau siv los ua tus thawj coj rau titanium hlau tsim vim nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov pa oxygen thiab carbon impurities. Kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tsom mus rau kev npaj thiab kev ua kom huv ntawm TiCl4, nrog rau txoj hauv kev xws li sodium thermal txo, txo cov pa oxygen, txo hydrogen, thiab kev tshawb nrhiav ncaj qha electrolysis.
Armstrong / ITP (International Titanium hmoov) txheej txheem
Tsim los ntawm xyoo 1997, ITP, nyob hauv Chicago, Tebchaws Asmeskas, siv cov pa roj carbon dioxide los txo TiCl4, ua kom muaj cov titanium hmoov tsis tu ncua. Txoj kev no suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj TiCl4 vapor rau hauv cov kwj ntawm cov roj sodium, tsim cov titanium hmoov thiab NaCl, uas tau muab cais tawm tom qab distillation, pom, thiab ntxuav. Cov txheej txheem boasts siab cov khoom purity thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, tab sis cov kev cov nyom tseem nyob rau hauv txo nqi ntau lawm thiab txhim kho cov khoom zoo.
FFC Txheej Txheem (Cambridge Txheej Txheem)
Tshaj tawm xyoo 2000 los ntawm xibfwb DJ Fray thiab nws cov neeg koom tes hauv University of Cambridge, FFC txheej txheem koom nrog electrolyzing cov khoom titanium oxide li cathode, graphite li anode, thiab alkaline ntiaj teb hlau chloride yaj raws li cov electrolyte. Cov qauv no yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, nrog lub voj voog luv luv, tab sis ntsib cov teeb meem xws li cov ntsiab lus oxygen siab hauv cov khoom thiab cov txheej txheem tsis tu ncua.
OS Process
Tsim los ntawm Ib Tug thiab Suzuki hauv Nyij Pooj, cov txheej txheem no siv electrolytically tau calcium los txo TiO2 rau hlau titanium. Cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug Ca / CaO / CaCl2 yaj, nrog titanium oxide hmoov muab tso rau hauv ib lub pob tawb cathode. Txoj kev cog lus yuav txo tus nqi tseem ceeb tab sis tsim cov hlau titanium nrog cov ntsiab lus oxygen siab heev.
PRP txheej txheem
Tshaj tawm los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Nyij Pooj, txoj kev no sib tov TiO2 nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm fluxing xws li CaO lossis CaCl2, tsim cov sib tov, sinters nws, thiab nthuav tawm rau calcium vapor ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los tsim cov titanium hmoov. Cov hmoov ua tau tuaj yeem ua tiav purity ntawm 99% nrog txo cov ntsiab lus oxygen.
QiT Process
Tsim los ntawm Quebec Iron thiab Titanium Inc., cov txheej txheem no suav nrog electrolyzing titanium slag nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntsev molten los tsim titanium hlau. Cov txheej txheem yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv ib los yog ob kauj ruam, nyob ntawm seb cov ntsiab lus titanium thiab impurity theem nyob rau hauv lub slag.
MER Process
Tsim los ntawm MER Corporation, cov txheej txheem no siv TiO2 lossis rutile ua cov anode thiab cov tshuaj chloride sib xyaw ua cov electrolyte. Lub anode emits ib tug sib tov ntawm CO thiab CO2 gases thaum lub sij hawm electrolysis, thaum titanium ions raug txo mus rau metallic titanium ntawm lub cathode.
USTB txheej txheem
Xyoo 2005, Xib Fwb Zhu Hongmin thiab nws pab neeg ntawm University of Science thiab Technology Beijing tau tshaj tawm ib txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev rho tawm daim txhuam cev titanium los ntawm molten ntsev electrolysis-lub electrolysis ntawm TiO·mTC anode, soluble solid tov ntawm TiO2 thiab TiC, tsim cov titanium ntshiab.
Txoj kev no suav nrog kev sib xyaw cov pa roj carbon thiab titanium dioxide lossis titanium carbide thiab titanium dioxide hmoov hauv stoichiometric proportions, nias rau hauv cov duab, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, tsim TiO·mTC anode nrog hlau conductivity. Siv cov ntsev molten ntawm alkali hlau los yog alkaline ntiaj teb hlau halides raws li cov electrolyte, electrolysis yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb kub. Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem no, titanium yaj mus rau hauv cov ntsev molten nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tsawg-valent ions thiab deposits ntawm lub cathode, thaum cov pa roj carbon thiab oxygen muaj nyob rau hauv lub anode daim ntawv gaseous carbon oxides (CO, CO2) los yog oxygen (O2) uas tso tawm. . Txoj kev no tuaj yeem tsim cov purity titanium hlau hmoov nrog cov pa oxygen tsawg dua 300 × 10-6, ua tau raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv thawj qib, thiab ua tiav cov cathode tam sim no efficiency txog li 89%.
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev no suav nrog kev muaj peev xwm txuas ntxiv ua cov txheej txheem electrolysis yam tsis muaj kev tsim cov anode slime, kev yooj yim ntawm cov txheej txheem, tus nqi qis, thiab kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig.
Kev rho tawm ntawm cov hlau titanium yog qhov chaw tshawb fawb tseem ceeb hauv metallurgy, thiab cov txheej txheem molten ntsev electrolysis yog suav tias yog lwm txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau Kroll txheej txheem rau titanium metallurgy. Muab qhov kev khaws cia loj thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov peev txheej titanium, kev siv dav dav ntawm vanadiferous titanomagnetite yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Kev tshuaj xyuas tam sim no kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm titanium extraction txheej txheem, cov txheej txheem siv TiCl4 ua tus thawj coj feem ntau ntsib teeb meem hauv kev txo nqi, qhov kev npaj ncaj qha ntawm cov hlau titanium los ntawm TiO2 ua tau zoo ntxiv rau kev tshawb fawb tob. Yog tias muaj teeb meem kev lag luam tuaj yeem kov yeej, daim ntawv thov kev lag luam yuav ua tau.
